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The Mail Must Get Through	Pošta musí projít
Since 1993 I'd been running the technical side of a small free-access ISP called Chester County InterLink (CCIL) in West Chester, Pennsylvania (I co-founded CCIL and wrote our unique multiuser bulletin-board software -- you can check it out by telnetting to locke.ccil.org. Today it supports almost three thousand users on thirty lines.) The job allowed me 24-hour-a-day access to the net through CCIL's 56K line -- in fact, it practically demanded it!	Od roku 1993 jsem měl na starosti technické zabezpečení malého poskytovatele bezplatného přístupu k Internetu (Chester County InterLink - CCIL , West Chester, Pennsylvania). Patřím k zakladatelům CCIL a napsal jsem pro něj unikátní mnohauživatelský buletinový software, který si můžete prohlédnout přes telnet na adrese locke.ccil.org. V dnešní době podporuje téměř 3000 uživatelů na 30 linkách. Tato práce mi umožnila 24 hodinový přístup na Internet přes 56K linku CCIL, pro moji práci byl takový přístup nutností.
Accordingly, I had gotten quite used to instant Internet email. For complicated reasons, it was hard to get SLIP to work between my home machine (snark.thyrsus.com) and CCIL. When I finally succeeded, I found having to periodically telnet over to locke to check my mail annoying. What I wanted was for my mail to be delivered on snark so that I would be notified when it arrived and could handle it using all my local tools.	Díky tomu jsem si zvykl na okamžitý přístup k e-mailu. Z různých složitých důvodů bylo obtížné zprovoznit SLIP mezi mým domácím počítačem (snark.thyrsus.com) a CCIL. Když se mi to konečně podařilo, pravidelné logování a kontrola pošty přes telnet mě začalo obtěžovat. Potřeboval jsem nějak přesunout poštu na můj domácí počítač snark tak, abych byl upozorněn při jejím přijetí. Poštu jsem pak chtěl dále zpracovávat pomocí různých programů na mém osobním počítači.
Simple sendmail forwarding wouldn't work, because my personal machine isn't always on the net and doesn't have a static IP address. What I needed was a program that would reach out over my SLIP connection and pull across my mail to be delivered locally. I knew such things existed, and that most of them used a simple application protocol called POP (Post Office Protocol). And sure enough, there was already a POP3 server included with locke's BSD/OS operating system.	Jednoduché přesměrování pošty programem sendmail nepřipadalo v úvahu, protože můj počítač není vždy připojen k síti a nemá stálou IP adresu. Potřeboval jsem program, který by mne připojil přes SLIP a přenesl poštu. Věděl jsem, že takové programy existují a že většina z nich využívá jednoduchý aplikační protokol, nazývaný POP (poštovní protokol). A skutečně, náš BSD/OS operační systém v sobě obsahoval i POP3 server.
I needed a POP3 client. So I went out on the net and found one. Actually, I found three or four. I used pop-perl for a while, but it was missing what seemed an obvious feature, the ability to hack the addresses on fetched mail so replies would work properly.	Potřeboval jsem tedy POP3 klienta. Rozhlédl jsem se po síti a jeden jsem našel. Tedy ve skutečnosti jsem jich nalezl několik. Po nějaký čas jsem používal pop-perl, ale tomu chyběla funkce, kterou jsem považoval za podstatnou, nebyl totiž schopen pozměnit adresy přicházející pošty tak, abych mohl na obdrženou poštu přímo odpovídat.
The problem was this: suppose someone named `joe' on locke sent me mail. If I fetched the mail to snark and then tried to reply to it, my mailer would cheerfully try to ship it to a nonexistent `joe' on snark. Hand-editing reply addresses to tack on `@ccil.org' quickly got to be a serious pain.	Problém spočíval v tomto: řekněme, že někdo se jménem "joe" mi poslal e-mail. Pokud jsem si jej stáhl na snark, a poté se na něj pokusil odpovědět, můj poštovní klient se snažil poslat odpověď neexistujícímu joeovi na snarku. Ruční editace adres mne ale brzy začala unavovat.
This was clearly something the computer ought to be doing for me. But none of the existing POP clients knew how! And this brings us to the first lesson:	Toto byla věc, kterou mohl počítač dělat za mne. Žádný z existujících klientů ale nevěděl jak. A to nám přináší prvé ponaučení:
1. Every good work of software starts by scratching a developer's personal itch.	1. Každý dobrý program začíná tím, že řeší potíže samotného programátora.
Perhaps this should have been obvious (it's long been proverbial that ``Necessity is the mother of invention'') but too often software developers spend their days grinding away for pay at programs they neither need nor love. But not in the Linux world -- which may explain why the average quality of software originated in the Linux community is so high.	Možná, že by to mělo být samozřejmé (existuje staré přísloví: "Nutnost je matka pokroku"), ale až příliš často vývojáři traví svůj čas prací na programech, za které jsou placeni, ale které ani nemilují ani nepotřebují. To však neplatí ve světě Linuxu a snad právě proto je průměrná kvalita software vyvinutého v Linuxovém společenství tak vysoká.
So, did I immediately launch into a furious whirl of coding up a brand-new POP3 client to compete with the existing ones? Not on your life! I looked carefully at the POP utilities I had in hand, asking myself ``which one is closest to what I want?	Takže jsem se vrhl okamžitě do horečného programování a začal psát zcela nového POP3 klienta, který by mohl soutěžit s existujícími programy? V žádném případě! Pečlivě jsem prostudoval známé POP programy a hledal takový, který nejvíce odpovídal mým představám.
2. Because good Surfers know what to write. Great ones know what to rewrite (and reuse).	2. Protože dobří programátoři vědí co psát. Velcí vědí, co přepsat (a znovu použít).
While I don't claim to be a great programmer, I try to imitate one. An important trait of the great ones is constructive laziness. They know that you get an A not for effort but for results, and that it's almost always easier to start from a good partial solution than from nothing at all.	Ačkoli o sobě netvrdím, že jsem velký programátor, snažím se ty velké napodobit. Důležitým rysem velkých programátorů je konstruktivní lenost.Vědí, že člověk není oceňován za úsilí, ale za výsledky, a že je téměř vždy snažší začít od dobrých částečných řešení než od úplého počátku.
Linus Torvalds, for example, didn't actually try to write Linux from scratch. Instead, he started by reusing code and ideas from Minix, a tiny Unix-like OS for 386 machines. Eventually all the Minix code went away or was completely rewritten -- but while it was there, it provided scaffolding for the infant that would eventually become Linux.	Linus Torvalds také nezačal psát Linux od prvé řádky. Místo toho použil kód a nápady Minixu, malého operačního systému napodobujícího Unix, který byl určen pro počítače řady 386. Dnes již veškerý původní kód Minixu buďto zmizel zcela nebo byl od základu přepsán, ale na počátku vytvářel lešení podpírající batole, které se nakonec stalo Linuxem.
In the same spirit, I went looking for an existing POP utility that was reasonably well coded, to use as a development base.	Veden stejnými motivy jsem prohlížel existující POP programy a hledal takové, které byly vhodné jako základ pro další vývoj.
The source-sharing tradition of the Unix world has always been friendly to code reuse (this is why the GNU project chose Unix as a base OS, in spite of serious reservations about the OS itself). The Linux world has taken this tradition nearly to its technological limit; it has terabytes of open sources generally available. So spending time looking for some else's almost-good-enough is more likely to give you good results in the Linux world than anywhere else.	Tradice sdílení zdrojových souborů Unixového světa byla vždy nakloněna recyklování starších kódů (proto také GNU zvolil Unix jako svůj základní operační systém). Linux dovedl tuto tradici téměř k jejímu technologickému limitu. V jeho světě jsou přístupné terabyty volných zdrojů. Jestliže zde hledáte téměř vyhovující program, máte větší šanci na úspěch než kdekoliv jinde.
And it did for me. With those I'd found earlier, my second search made up a total of nine candidates -- fetchpop, PopTart, get-mail, gwpop, pimp, pop-perl, popc, popmail and upop. The one I first settled on was `fetchpop' by Seung-Hong Oh. I put my header-rewrite feature in it, and made various other improvements which the author accepted into his 1.9 release.	Obdobně vše fungovalo i v mém případě. Spolu s tím, co jsem nalezl již dříve, můj druhý průzkum odkryl celkem 9 kandidátů: fetchpop, PopTart, get-mail, gwpop, pimp, pop-perl, popc, popmail a upop. Nejdříve jsem se rozhodl pro `fetchpop' od Seung-Hong Oh. Vložil jsem do něho moji funkci na přepisování adres a učinil několik dalších změn, které autor později zařadil do verze 1.9.
A few weeks later, though, I stumbled across the code for `popclient' by Carl Harris, and found I had a problem. Though fetchpop had some good original ideas in it (such as its daemon mode), it could only handle POP3 and was rather amateurishly coded (Seung-Hong was a bright but inexperienced programmer, and both traits showed). Carl's code was better, quite professional and solid, but his program lacked several important and rather tricky-to-implement fetchpop features (including those I'd coded myself).	Několik týdnů později jsem ale narazil na zdroj programu `popclient', který napsal Carl Harris, a zjistil jsem, že stojím před problémem. Ačkoliv fetchpop obsahoval několik dobrých původních nápadů (například daemon mode), dokázal pouze spravovat POP3 a byl programován poněkud amatérsky (Seung-Hong byl schopný, ale nezkušený programátor, a obě tyto charakteristiky se na kódu projevily). Carlův kód byl lepší, na profesionální úrovni a stabilní, ale jeho programu chybělo několik důležitých funkcí, které je celkem obtížné naprogramovat, včetně těch, které jsem programoval já sám.
Stay or switch? If I switched, I'd be throwing away the coding I'd already done in exchange for a better development base.	Zůstat při starém nebo volit změnu? Pokud bych se rozhodl pro změnu, musel bych obětovat všechen dosud napsaný kód, získal bych ale lepší vývojovou základnu.
A practical motive to switch was the presence of multiple-protocol support. POP3 is the most commonly used of the post-office server protocols, but not the only one. Fetchpop and the other competition didn't do POP2, RPOP, or APOP, and I was already having vague thoughts of perhaps adding IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol, the most recently designed and most powerful post-office protocol) just for fun.	Praktickým argumentem, který doporučoval změnu, byla podpora řady protokolů. POP3 je nejběžněji používaný protokol, ale není jediný. Fetchpop a další podobné programy neuměly POP2, RPOP nebo APOP a já již začínal přemýšlet o přidání IMAPu (nejnovějšího a nejvšestrannějšího poštovního protokolu).
But I had a more theoretical reason to think switching might be as good an idea as well, something I learned long before Linux.	Měl jsem ale i další, teoretický důvod, proč přemýšlet o změně. Bylo to něco, co jsem se naučil dlouho před Linuxem.
3. ``Plan to throw one away; you will, anyhow.'' (Fred Brooks, ``The Mythical Man-Month'', Chapter 11)	Počíteje s tím, že alespoň jednou budete muset vše přepsat, stejně vás to nemine (Fred Brooks, ``The Mythical Man-Month'', Chapter 11).
Or, to put it another way, you often don't really understand the problem until after the first time you implement a solution. The second time, maybe you know enough to do it right. So if you want to get it right, be ready to start over at least once.	Nebo, řečeno jinými slovy, tak dlouho problému doopravdy neporozumíte, pokud se ho nepokusíte nějak vyřešit. Podruhé už budete možná vědět, jak na to. Takže pokud chcete najít správné řešení, buďte připraveni začít alespoň jednou znovu.
Well (I told myself) the changes to fetchpop had been my first try. So I switched.	Dobře (řekl jsem si), úpravy fetchpopu byly mým prvním pokusem a změnil jsem programovou základnu.
After I sent my first set of popclient patches to Carl Harris on 25 June 1996, I found out that he had basically lost interest in popclient some time before. The code was a bit dusty, with minor bugs hanging out. I had many changes to make, and we quickly agreed that the logical thing for me to do was take over the program.	Poté, co jsem 25. června 1996 poslal opravy popclienta Carl Harrisovi, zjistil jsem, že on sám již ve své podstatě ztratil o projekt zájem. Kód už byl trochu zaprášený a bylo v něm několik drobných, snadno opravitelných chyb. Já potřeboval učinit řadu změn, a tak jsme se rychle dohodli na tom, že projekt převezmu.
Without my actually noticing, the project had escalated. No longer was I just contemplating minor patches to an existing POP client. I took on maintaining an entire one, and there were ideas bubbling in my head that I knew would probably lead to major changes.	Aniž jsem si to sám uvědomil, projekt nabral na tempu. Nepracoval jsem již pouze na drobných změnách existujícího POP klienta. Převzal jsem vývoj celého programu a v mé hlavě se rojily nápady, od kterých jsem očekával, že pravděpodobně povedou k velkým změnám.
In a software culture that encourages code-sharing, this is a natural way for a project to evolve. I was acting out this:	Ve společenstvích programátorů, ve kterých je podporováno sdílení kódu, je takovýto vývoj projektu přirozený. Jednal jsem podle následujícího pravidla:
4. If you have the right attitude, interesting problems will find you.	4. Pokud máte správný přístup, zajímavé problémy si Vás najdou sami.
But Carl Harris's attitude was even more important. He understood that	Ale přístup Carla Harrise byl ještě důležitější. Věděl že:
5. When you lose interest in a program, your last duty to it is to hand it off to a competent successor.	5. Když ztratíte zájem o program, vaší poslední povinností je předat jej schopnému nástupci.
Without ever having to discuss it, Carl and I knew we had a common goal of having the best solution out there. The only question for either of us was whether I could establish that I was a safe pair of hands. Once I did that, he acted with grace and dispatch. I hope I will act as well when it comes my turn.	Aniž jsme o tom museli diskutovat, Carl i já jsme věděli, že máme společný cíl, nalézt to nejlepší možné řešení. Jedinou otázkou pro oba zůstalo, jak prokázat, že jsem vhodný následovník. Jakmile se mi to podařilo, zachoval se úctyhodně, a přenechal mi své místo. Doufám, že budu jednat stejně, až přijde můj čas.

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4-19-2013

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