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První Unixy zadarmo

Do mezery, kterou zanechalo FSF nedokončeným HURDem vstoupil student Helsinské univerzity Linus Torvalds. V roce 1991 začal tvořit jádro Unixu pro počítače řady 386 s pomocí nástrojů FSF. Jeho počáteční rychlý úspěch přilákal řadu Internetových hackerů, kteří mu pomáhali vytvořit Linux, plnohodnotný Unix se zcela bezplatnými a volně šiřitelnými zdroji.

Linux nebyl sám. V roce 1991, současně s prvními experimenty Linuse Torvaldse, William a Lynne Jolitz experimentálně přenášeli BSD Unixocé zdroje na 386. Většina pozorovatelů porovnávajících první Linusovy pokusy s BSD technologií očekávalo, že BSD se stane nejdůležitějším Unixem na PC.

Nejdůležitějš rys Linuxu nebyl technický, ale sociologický. Až do chvíle vývoje Linuxu každý věřil, že software tak složitý jako operační systém musí být vyvýjen pečlivě kontrolovaným způsobem poměrně malou a disciplinovanou skupinou lidí. Tento model byl a stále je typický pro komerční i velké freewarové katedrály vytvořené FSF v 80. letech, stejně pracovaly i freeBSD/netBSD/OpenBSD projekty, které byly odvozeny od původního přenosu 386BSD.

Linux se vyvýjel zcela rozdílně. Téměř od počátku byl spíše náhodně programován velkým počtem dobrovolníků spolupracujících přes Internet. Kvalita nebyla dosahována pevnými standardy nebo autokracií ale až naivně jednoduchým způsobem tak, že každý týden byl publikován pokrok a během několika dnů získána odezva od stovek uživatelů. Díky tomu vznikla obdoba rychlé Darwinovy selekce mutací vytvořených vývojáři. K překvapení téměř všech, tento model docela fungoval.

Koncem roku 1993 Linux mohl soutěžit ve stabilitě a spolehlivosti s mnohými komerčními Unixy a běželo pod ním mnohem více software. Dokonce začal přitahovat první přepisy komerčního software. Jedním z nepřímých výsledků jeho rozvoje byl zánik menších komerčních Unixů, bez vývojářů a hackerů, kterým mohly být prodávány, přestaly existovat. Jeden z mála přeživších, BSDI (Berkeley Systems Design, Incorporated) vzkvétal díky tomu, že nabízel kompletní zdroje a pěstoval si své vztahy s hackery.

Tento rozvoj nebyl téměř zaznamenán ani v hackerské společnosti, a už vůbec ne mimo ni. Hackerská kultura, která opakovaně odrážela předpovědi o svém zániku, právě začala předělávat komerční svět ke svému obrazu. Ještě to ale bude trvat 5 let, než se tento trend stane zřejmým.


enternetusers > Překlady > Stručná historie hackerství
Začátek | Předcházející | Další | Obsah... [Seznam překladů] česky | english | english-česky

4-19-2013

4-19-2013


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Order Sandals mens on the website sandals hawaiian and order a few. Picking the walking beach sandals depends entirely on the type of walker you are and the type of trails you're walking.

These are the shops to visit:

  1. Stock videos Footage
  2. nydj tummy-tuck jean
  3. hawaiian shoes
  4. skate footwear
You should look at List of surf and skate and this site iPhone Cases and this website too iPhone Cases
Quicksilver surf clothing Board Shorts



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David Cadena Stanton
iPhone 6 plus battery pack
I bought the los alamitos plumber for the 1cecilia173 and the 1cecilia288 with the 1cecilia174. The new Baby Doll sexy looking lingerie is the best one to get. The new Baby Doll sexy lingerie looks great. The new the bridal chemises from In Bloom is the best around.

Also, you will want to check out Stanton California so you can see what's up and they are part of Stanton City Hall as well.

You can also get Organic Skin Care products from Bliss Bath Body and you must check out their Natural Body Lotions and bath soaps



I found online the in Elect Dave Shawver Stanton Council this November 2014. Elect march madness ncaa and internetusers this November 2014.

delivered.

These are the shops to visit:

  1. Stock videos Footage
  2. nydj tummy-tuck jean
  3. hawaiian shoes
  4. skate footwear

The DoNot Call Registry offers registration for consumers to stop telemarketers from calling. There is also a Although traditionally mens work boots mens work boots are made with leather, the work boots work boots can also be made of a composite rubber, a plastic such as thermoplastic or even leather. Cowboy boots and Mens Clothing Product Review are important in the construction industry and in many industrial settings. Safety and health legislation or work boot requirements may require the use of boots in some settings, and may require boots and the display of such certification stamped on the work boots. and a women's cowboy boots online. Sign up now.

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