Hackerská nátura je důležitá, ale hackerské dovednosti jsou ještě důležitější. Postoje ještě neznamenají povolanost. Existuje jistá základní výbava, kterou musíte mít aby nějakého hackera vůbec napadlo vás hackerem nazývat.

Tato výbava se s časem mírně mění, jak se mění technologie a vznikají tak nové dovednosti, zatím co jiné se stávají zbytečné. Například dříve do ní patřilo programování ve strojovém jazyce a nepatřila HTML. V dnešní době ale naprosto jasně obsahuje následující:

To je samozřejmě základní dovednost hackera. Pokud ještě žádný programovací jazyk neznáte pak doporučuji začít s Pythonem. Je to jazyk velmi čistě navržený, dobře dokumentovaný a k nováčkům poměrně přátelský. I přesto, že jde o dobrý jazyk pro začátečníky není to pouze hračka; je to velmi silný a pružný nástroj, vhodný i pro velké projekty.

Počítejte ale s tím, že úrovně hackera, dokonce ani programátora nedosáhnete pokud budete znát jen jediný programovací jazyk -- musíte se naučit přemýšlet o programátorských problémech v obecné rovině, nezávisle na nějakém konkrétním jazyce. Abyste byl opravdovým hackerem, musíte se být schopni naučit se nový programovací jazyk za pár dní spojováním toho co je v manuálu a toho co již znáte. To znamená, že byste se měl naučit několik opravdu odlišných jazyků.

Pokud se dostanete k vážnému programování, budete se muset naučit C, základní jazyk Unixu (není to ale jazyk vhodný pro úplného začátečníka). Další jazyky, které mohou být hackerovi užitečné jsou Perl a LISP. Perl je dobré umět z praktických důvodů; je to totiž velmi rozšířený jazyk pro vytváření aktivních webových stránek a pro systémovou administraci, takže i když v Perlu nikdy nic psát nebudete je dobré umět ho číst. LISP je cenný pro hluboký náhled, který získáte až ho zvládnete; tato zkušenost z vás udělá lepšího programátora na zbytek vašeho života, i kdybyste ho nikdy příliš nepoužívali.

Nejlepší je, samozřejmě, naučit se všechny čtyři výše uvedené (Python, C, Perl a LISP). Vedle toho, že představují nejdůležitější hackerské jazyky, representují také velmi rozdílné přístupy k programování a každá vás tak naučí něco cenného.

Nemůžu zde dát kompletní návod jak se naučit programovat -- je to složitá dovednost. Můžu vám ale říci, že knihy a kursy to za vás neudělají (mnoho, možná většina nejlepších hackerů jsou samouci). Co funguje je (a) čtení kódu a (b) psaní kódu.

Učit se programovat je jako učit se dobře psát přirozenou řečí. Nejlepší způsob jak to udělat je přečíst si něco od mistrů, napsat něco sám, přečíst víc, napsat o něco málo víc, přečíst ještě víc, napsat o trochu víc, přečíst ještě víc, napsat zase něco... a tak dál dokud vaše vlastní psaní nebude mít takovou sílu a úspornost jako vaše vzory.

Najít dobrý kód na čtení bývalo těžké, protože bylo jen málo velkých programů u kterých byl zdroj přístupný pro začínající hackery aby si ho četli a hráli si s ním. To se ale dramaticky změnilo; open-source software, programovací nástroje a operační systémy (všechno vytvořené hackery) jsou v dnešní době široce dostupné. To mě přivádí k dalšímu bodu...

Předpokládám, že máte osobní počítač nebo k němu můžete získat přístup (ty děti to dneska ale mají jednoduché :-)). Nejdůležitějším krokem na cestě každého nováčka stát se hackerem je získat kopii Linuxu nebo některého z BSD-Unixů, nainstalovat ho a používat.

Ano, existují i jiné operační systémy než je Unix. Ale ty jsou distribuované v binární formě -- nemůžete si číst zdrojáky a modifikovat je. Snažit se naučit hackovat pod DOSem, Windows nebo MacOSem je jako chtít se naučit tancovat ve svěrací kazajce.

Navíc je Unix operačním systémem Internetu. Zatímco naučit se používat Internet bez znalostí Unixu není problém, být Internetovým hackerem bez znalostí Unixu dost dobře nelze. Proto je hackerská komunita v dnešní době tak úzce spjata s Unixem. (Nebylo tomu vždycky tak a někteří staromilští hackeři z toho nemají radost, ale symbiosa mezi Unixem a Internetem je dnes tak pevná, že se zdá, že ani Microsoft není dost silný na to aby to změnil.)

Takže zprovozněte Unix -- já osobně mám rád Linux ale jsou i jiné možnosti (a ano, skutečně lze používat na jednom počítači DOS/Windows a Linux zároveň). Naučte se ho. Používejte ho. Hrajte si s ním. Používejte ho ke přístupu na Internet. Čtěte si kód. Upravujte ho. Získáte lepší programátorské nástroje (včetně C, Lispu, Pythonu a Perlu) než o jakých se může kterémukoli Microsoftímu operačnímu systému jen zdát, užijete si zábavu, nasajete do sebe víc znalostí než si vůbec uvědomíte, dokud se neohlédnete zpátky jako mistr hacker.

Více o učení Unixu najdete na: The Loginataka.

Více o získání Linuxu najdete na: Kde získat Linux.

Pomoc a zdroje týkající se BSD Unixu najdete na:www.bsd.org.

(Pozn.: Opravdu nedoporučuji instalovat Linux nebo BSD bez pomoci pokud jste nováček. U Linuxu najděte místní "Skupinu uživatelů Linuxu" a požádejte je o pomoc; nebo kontaktujte Linux Internet Support Co-Operative. LISC spravuje IRC channels kde můžete získat pomoc.)

Většina věcí, které hackeři vytvořili pracuje mimo zorné pole lidí, pomáhají fungovat továrnám, kancelářím a universitám bez viditelného vlivu na ne-hackerskou populaci. Web je jedna veliká výjimka, velká, zářivá hračka hackerů, u které dokonce i politici připouštějí, že mění svět. Už jen z toho důvodu (a existuje ještě spousta dalších) je dobré naučit se se sítí pracovat.

To neznamená jenom naučit se používat browser (to umí každý), ale naučit se také psát HTML. Pokud neumíte programovat, psaní HTML vás naučí alespoň některým duševním návykům, které vám pomohou v učení. Vytvořte si tedy svou domovskou stránku.

Ale jen vlastnictví domovské stránky rozhodně nestačí na to aby z vás udělalo hackera. Web je plný domovských stránek. Většina je jen nesmyslný, bezcenný odpad -- sice nablýskaný, ale pořád stejný odpad (více na toto téma najdete na The HTML Hell Page).

Aby byla užitečná, musí mít vaše stránka obsah -- musí být zajímavá a/nebo užitečná jiným hackerům. A to nás přivádí k dalšímu bodu...

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