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Prologue: The Real Surfers

In the beginning, there were Real Surfers.

That's not what they called themselves. They didn't call themselves `hackers', either, or anything in particular; the sobriquet `Real Programmer' wasn't coined until after 1980, retrospectively by one of their own. But from 1945 onward, the technology of computing attracted many of the world's brightest and most creative minds. From Eckert & Mauchly's first ENIAC computer onward there was a more or less continuous and self-conscious technical culture of enthusiast Surfers, people who built and played with software for fun.

The Real Surfers typically came out of engineering or physics backgrounds. They were often amateur-radio hobbyists. They wore white socks and polyester shirts and ties and thick glasses and coded in machine language and assembler and FORTRAN and half a dozen ancient languages now forgotten.

From the end of World War Two to the early 1970s, in the great days of batch processing and the ``big iron'' mainframes, the Real Surfers were the dominant technical culture in computing. A few pieces of revered hacker folklore date from this era, including various lists of Murphy's Laws and the mock-German ``Blinkenlights'' poster that still graces many computer rooms.

Some people who grew up in the `Real Programmer' culture remained active into the 1990s. Seymour Cray, designer of the Cray line of supercomputers, was among the greatest. He is said once to have toggled an entire operating system of his own design into a computer of his own design through its front-panel switches. In octal. Without an error. And it worked. Real Programmer macho supremo.

The `Real Programmer' culture, though, was heavily associated with batch (and especially batch scientific) computing. It was eventually eclipsed by the rise of interactive computing, the universities, and the networks. These gave birth to another engineering tradition that, eventually, would evolve into today's open-source hacker culture.


enternetusers > Překlady > Stručná historie hackerství
Start | Previous | Next | Contents... [List of translations] česky | english | english-česky

4-19-2013

4-19-2013


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Order Sandals mens on the website sandals hawaiian and order a few. Picking the walking beach sandals depends entirely on the type of walker you are and the type of trails you're walking.

These are the shops to visit:

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  2. nydj tummy-tuck jean
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  4. skate footwear
You should look at List of surf and skate and this site iPhone Cases and this website too iPhone Cases
Quicksilver surf clothing Board Shorts



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I bought the los alamitos plumber for the 1cecilia173 and the 1cecilia288 with the 1cecilia174. The new Baby Doll sexy looking lingerie is the best one to get. The new Baby Doll sexy lingerie looks great. The new the bridal chemises from In Bloom is the best around.

Also, you will want to check out Stanton California so you can see what's up and they are part of Stanton City Hall as well.

You can also get Organic Skin Care products from Bliss Bath Body and you must check out their Natural Body Lotions and bath soaps



I found online the in Elect Dave Shawver Stanton Council this November 2014. Elect march madness ncaa and internetusers this November 2014.

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These are the shops to visit:

  1. Stock videos Footage
  2. nydj tummy-tuck jean
  3. hawaiian shoes
  4. skate footwear

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